Black licorice ingestion: Yet another confounding agent in patients with melena

We describe an 80-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation, anti-coagulated with warfarin, who on two separate occasions developed black tarry stools and an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) after eating a pound of Black Licorice. During her most recent episode, her hematocrit was 14 (baseline 34) and her INR was 5.5 (baseline 2.1). She was advised to restrict licorice consumption, and a follow-up INR two weeks later was 1.2. Black Licorice is derived from the root of the plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra. The components of its extract inhibit the P450 system enzymes that metabolize Warfarin, inhibit thrombin, and prolong fibrinogen clotting times. Hence, the anti-thrombotic activity and inhibition of warfarin metabolism might synergistically amplify anti-coagulation. The presence of Black Licorice in the stool can also mimic melena and confound its clinical presentation. Health care providers should caution patients who are at risk for bleeding or on warfarin to avoid black licorice due to an elevated risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.     

Glabrol, an acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor from licorice roots

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) esterifies free cholesterol in the liver and the intestine. It has relations with production of lipoproteins and accumulation of cholesteryl esters of the atheroma. Therefore, ACAT inhibitors may act as antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic agents. One isoprenyl flavonoid was isolated from ethanol extract of licorice roots. On the basis of spectral evidences, the compound was identified as glabrol (1). Compound 1 inhibited rat liver microsomal ACAT activity with an IC₅₀ value of 24.6 μM and decreased cholesteryl ester formation with an IC₅₀ value of 26.0 μM in HepG2 cells. In addition, 1 showed a non-competitive type of inhibition against ACAT.     

气相色谱法测定甘草药材中9种有机氯农药的残留量

目的：建立同时测定甘草药材中9种有机氯农药残留量的气相色谱法。方法：采用气相色谱法,毛细管色谱柱DB-1701（30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm）,进样口：220℃,柱温：初始140℃保持1 min,以10℃/min的速度升至210℃保持1 min,再以20℃/min的速度升至260℃保持20 min;检测器：300℃;载气为高纯氮（纯度〉99.999%）;载气流速：1.0 ml/min,恒流模式,不分流,进样量1μl。结果：9种有机氯农药在1～250 ng/ml浓度范围内呈良好线性关系;加样回收率平均为102.40%,RSD为2.12%（n=9）。结论：本方法简便、快速、准确,可用于测定甘草药材中9种有机氯农药的残留量。     

甘草干姜汤化裁方治疗寒症咳嗽30例

[目的]探讨甘草干姜化裁方治疗寒症咳嗽的临床疗效。[方法]30例伤寒咳嗽者采用甘草干姜汤化裁方治疗,治疗1周后判定疗效。[结果]显效14例,好转15例,无效1例,总有效率为96.70%。安全无毒副作用。[结论]甘草干姜汤化裁方的灵活运用能够有效治疗寒症咳嗽。     

甘草水提物多成分肝肠吸收代谢差异研究

目的：探讨甘草水提物多成分的肝肠吸收代谢差异。方法利用液质联用技术对甘草水提物的主要成分进行鉴别,并利用在体封闭肠环模型研究大鼠小肠和肝脏吸收代谢的差异。结果甘草水提物中共鉴别出13种主要化学成分。甘草水提物中部分成分可透过肠壁吸收,且在吸收过程中伴随着成分代谢,在血浆样品中共检测到14种新生代谢产物。肝脏可代谢甘草水提物中多种成分,且较肠吸收代谢过程产生更多的代谢产物。结论肝脏是甘草水提物多成分代谢的主要器官,肠道具有一定代谢作用。小肠和肝脏存在明显的吸收代谢差异。     

芍药甘草汤功能与药效组分对应性研究

目的研究经方芍药甘草汤9种药效组分(氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、甘草酸、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草苷和异甘草素)的变化规律,探讨芍药甘草汤功能与药效组分的对应性。方法以经方芍药甘草汤(《伤寒论》方)为载体,用5个不同配伍组分的芍药甘草汤作为对照,采用高效液相二极管陈列检测法测定含量。结果不同配伍的芍药甘草汤9种药效组分为(mg/ml):《伤寒论》方为1.92、0.90、3.51、0.53、8.35、3.16、0.77、0.77和0.15;《传信适用方》为0.92、0.45、1.62、0.37、0.78、0.34、0.06、0.10和0.01;《朱氏集验方》一为1.59、0.82、3.28、0.49、3.15、1.10、0.27、0.44和0.08;《朱氏集验方》二为1.14、0.52、2.12、0.41、2.92、0.97、0.22、0.36、0.06;《魏氏家藏方》为1.38、0.59、2.70、0.43、2.40、0.35、0.06、0.10和0.01;《医门八法》方为1.52、0.67、2.91、0.45、3.00、1.07、0.24、0.42和0.07。结论 1.9种药效组分变化规律为:《伤寒论》方>《朱氏集验方》一>《医门八法》方;《朱氏集验方》二中的药效组分氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷和苯甲酰芍药苷含量<《魏氏家藏方》,而甘草酸、甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草苷和异甘草素含量>《魏氏家藏方》;《传信适用方》方中9种药效组分含量最低。2.配伍不同,药效组分总量和比例也不同,临床疗效也各异:《伤寒论》方药效组分总量为20.06 mg/ml,用于止痛;《朱氏集验方》一药效组分总量为11.216 mg/ml,用于消渴;《朱氏集验方》二药效组分总量为8.72 mg/ml,用于治脚弱无力;《传信适用方》药效组分总量为4.65 mg/ml,用于治湿气腿脚赤肿疼痛;《魏氏家藏方》药效组分总量为8.02 mg/ml,用于治湿热脚气;《医门八法》方药效组分总量为10.35 mg/ml,用于治胃气痛。     

综合评分法优选辅料甘草汁的制备工艺

目的优选炮制辅料甘草汁的最佳制备工艺。方法采用正交试验法对甘草汁的制备各个影响因素进行考察,通过多指标综合评分法进行数据分析,优选工艺条件。结果因素D对甘草汁制备工艺的综合评分值影响最显著,因素A,B,C均为影响不显著因素,可结合生产实际进行选择。结论采用综合评分法通过正交试验优选甘草汁制备工艺为:甘草药材加8倍量水浸泡1 h,煎煮3次,每次1.5 h。     

The In Vivo Effects of Cytokines Modulation for BALB/C Mice Fed with a Traditional Combined Chinese Herb‐Soaked Solution,Yi‐Fey Ruenn‐Hou Tea

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Yi‐Fey Ruenn‐Hou (YR) Tea, a combination of Chinese herbs, 10% licorice root, 10% American ginseng, 10% Radix Paeoniae alba and 70% green tea‐soaked solution, on the cytokine modulation in Balb/C mice. Four groups of mice were administered either 1ml of drinking water (group A) or 2 mg/ml (group B), 8 mg/ml (group C), 40 mg/ml (group D) of a saturated solution of combined Chinese herbs daily for six months. The physiological and pathological characteristics of the mice were observed during the time, and the mice were weighed and at least two mice were sacrificed each month for pathological detection of the brain, heart, liver, spleen and kidney and cytokine analysis. The results revealed neither weight difference nor pathological change among the four groups, however, serum‐cytokine assay indicated that the cytokine modulation effects are consistent, and the most obvious cytokine modulation effect was observed in group D, which was the highest dosage employed for treating the mice. TH2‐pattern cytokines responded earlier and higher in group D than in groups B and C. Furthermore, the effect of YR Tea on cytokine modulation in vivo is predominantly TH2‐pattern and is dependent on its dosage (P < 0.05).     

烤瓷桥在上颌前突畸形中的临床应用研究

目的介绍一种成人上颌前突畸形的修复正畸方法。方法拔除21(?)12,同时作牙槽骨修整,去除部分唇侧前突牙槽骨,3(?)3作根管治疗,4321(?)1234作烤瓷桥修复。结果上颌前突畸形明显改善,开唇露齿现象减轻。结论修复正畸法治疗成人上颌前突畸形是一种简单快捷效果明显的治疗方法。     

桂枝甘草汤治疗月经期心动过缓

临证治疗中发现一些女性患者的心率随月经周期而发生变化,常在经期下降至低于正常水平,伴见面色(白光)白、头晕眠差、气短胸闷、乏力畏寒、血压偏低等,经用经方桂枝甘草汤取得了满意疗效。